Endowment structures, industrial dynamics, and economic growth

Economic Theory&Research,Political Economy,Economic Growth,Debt Markets,Emerging Markets

Marshallian externality, industrial upgrading, and industrial policies

A growth model with multiple industries is developed to study how industries evolve as capital accumulates endogenously when each industry exhibits Marshallian externality (increasing returns to scale) and to explain why industrial policies sometimes succeed but sometimes fail. The authors show that, in the long run, the laissez-faire market equilibrium is Pareto optimal when the time discount rate is sufficiently small or sufficiently large. When the time discount rate is moderate, there exist multiple dynamic market equilibria with diverse patterns of industrial development. To achieve Pareto efficiency, it would require the government to identify the industry target consistent with the comparative advantage and to coordinate in a timely manner, possibly for multiple times. However, industrial policies may make people worse off than in the market equilibrium if the government picks an industry that deviates from the comparative advantage of the economy.Water and Industry,Economic Theory&Research,Industrial Management,Industrial Economics,Common Property Resource Development

Uncovering the Trust Transfer Mechanisms in a Blockchain-Based Healthcare Platform: A Mixed Method

Drawing on a mixed-method, this study aims to explore, identify, and investigate the various trust targets and their transfer mechanisms in a blockchain-based healthcare mutual aid platform. A qualitative online interview is first conducted to potential users in the online healthcare platform. Particularly, we identify three types of trust: trust in technology, trust in members, and trust in platform, that play salient roles in promoting users’ behavioral intention towards the online healthcare platform. Moreover, we find out that the three trust targets are formulated through different platform mechanisms. A preliminary research model is developed and a following-up research agenda is proposed for subsequent quantitative study

GAGrank: Software for Glycosaminoglycan Sequence Ranking using a Bipartite Graph Model

The Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) Are Long, Linear Polysaccharide Chains that Are Typically Found as the Glycan Portion of Proteoglycans. These GAGs Are Characterized by Repeating Disaccharide Units with Variable Sulfation and Acetylation Patterns Along the Chain. GAG Length and Modification Patterns Have Profound Impacts on Growth Factor Signaling Mechanisms Central to Numerous Physiological Processes. Electron Activated Dissociation Tandem Mass Spectrometry is a Very Effective Technique for Assigning the Structures of GAG Saccharides; However, Manual Interpretation of the Resulting Complex Tandem Mass Spectra is a Difficult and Time-Consuming Process that Drives the Development of Computational Methods for Accurate and Efficient Sequencing. We Have Recently Published GAGfinder, the First Peak Picking and Elemental Composition Assignment Algorithm Specifically Designed for GAG Tandem Mass Spectra. Here, We Present GAGrank, a Novel Network-Based Method for Determining GAG Structure using Information Extracted from Tandem Mass Spectra using GAGfinder. GAGrank is based on Google\u27s PageRank Algorithm for Ranking Websites for Search Engine Output. in Particular, It is an Implementation of BiRank, an Extension of PageRank for Bipartite Networks. in Our Implementation, the Two Partitions Comprise Every Possible Sequence for a Given GAG Composition and the Tandem MS Fragments Found using GAGfinder. Sequences Are Given a Higher Ranking If They Link to Many Important Fragments. using the Simulated Annealing Probabilistic Optimization Technique, We Optimized GAGrank\u27s Parameters on Ten Training Sequences. We Then Validated GAGrank\u27s Performance on Three Validation Sequences. We Also Demonstrated GAGrank\u27s Ability to Sequence Isomeric Mixtures using Two Mixtures at Five Different Ratios

Successful thoracoscopic management of iatrogenic left subclavian arterial injury: a case report.

The subclavian artery at the thoracic outlet is in the deepest position of the thoracic cavity and is difficult to repair in this narrow space once injured, even if the surgery is converted to a thoracotomy. This article presents a successful left subclavian artery repair procedure at the thoracic outlet using a thoracoscopic approach, with a video demonstration, and describes its technical characteristics. The patient was planned for a left upper lobectomy through three-port thoracoscopic approach. Severe adhesions were found intraoperatively and an accidental left subclavian arterial injury occurred when dissecting the adhesions. We first clamped the proximal portion of the subclavian artery and then directly clamped the rupture site. Our first suture failed due to the limited suture angle and the mutual restriction between the needle holder and atraumatic vascular clamp. To freely control the needle holder, another assistant port was made in the seventh intercostal space (ICS). The arterial injury was finally successfully repaired using pledgetted suture. The operation time was 235 minutes and intraoperative blood loss was 800 mL. The pulsation of the left radial artery was normal postoperatively, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 6. Appropriate strategies allow attempts to manage intraoperative hyperbaric arterial bleeding from the systemic circulation, such as bleeding caused by subclavian arterial injuries, by means of a thoracoscopic approach without conversion to thoracotomy